A running series using Annual Comprehensive Financial Reports (ACFRs) to track what districts actually spent,
how costs are shifting over time, and what those changes mean for student-centered outcomes.
Part 1
Cost Per Pupil, Instruction, Administration, and General Admin
Defines what the ACFR is and why it is more reliable than summaries.
Shows total cost per pupil rising across districts even as enrollment declines or stays flat.
Compares instructional cost per pupil vs. administrative cost per pupil trends.
Ranks districts across key categories to show where spending diverges most.
Part 2
How Much of Each Per-Pupil Dollar Goes to Instruction
Calculates the instruction share of per-pupil spending (instruction ÷ total).
Shows instruction share is flat or lower in 2025 vs. 2022 across districts.
Explains how athletics is included inside “Instruction” in ACFR reporting.
Adjusts for athletics to show what share supports classroom learning.
Part 3
The Ghost in the Machine
Shows how some of the biggest cost drivers sit outside the places readers usually look.
Explains how “unallocated” and system-level costs can appear invisible inside the ACFR.
Tracks category behavior across years to spot steady, one-direction trajectories.
Gives readers a clearer lens for what is actually shaping totals behind the scenes.